Liquefaction Effects - Experiment Results

Project Overview:

First Test

A Brief Summary of SHD01 Results

Second Test

A Brief Summary of SHD02 Results

Third Test

Under Construction

Fourth Test

Under Construction

A Brief Summary of SHD02 Results


Model Excavation and Displacement Measurements of Horizontal Bands of Colored Sand

Displacement Measurements of Colored Sand Vertical Columns Placed Around Each Structural Model

Summary of Measured Settlements at Key Locations after Each Shaking Event

Event	Description	Average free-field surface permanent settlement (cm)	Surface permanent settlement adjacent to structure A (cm)	Permanent settlement at the top of liquefiable layer adjacent to structure A (cm)	Mid-liquefiable layer permanent settlement adjacent to structure A (cm)	Structure-A foundation settlement (cm)
SHD02-1	Step-wave	0	0	0	0	0
SHD02-2	Small PI*	0	0	0	0	0
SHD02-3	Moderate PI	18	16	18	8	29
SHD02-4	Large PI	31	37	41	15	52
Total Settlements		48	53	59	23	81
% from SHD01-4		63%	69%	70%	64%	64%

Event	Description	Surface permanent settlement adjacent to Structure B (cm)	Permanent settlement at the top of liquefiable layer adjacent to structure B (cm)	Mid-liquefiable layer permanent settlement adjacent to structure B (cm)	Structure B foundation settlement (cm)
SHD02-01	Step-wave	0	0	0	0
SHD02-02	Small PI	0	0	0	0
SHD02-03	Moderate PI	11	19	10	21
SHD02-04	Large PI	29	56	32	50
Total Settlements		40	75	42	71
% from SHD01-04		73%	75%	75%	71%

Event	Description	Surface permanent settlement adjacent to structure C (cm)	Permanent settlement at the top of liquefiable layer adjacent to structure C (cm)	Mid-liquefiable layer permanent settlement adjacent to structure C (cm)	Structure-C foundation settlement (cm)
SHD02-1	Step-wave	0	0	0	0
SHD02-2	Small PI	0	0	0	0
SHD02-3	Moderate PI	11	16	11	19
SHD02-4	Large PI	29	32	19	58
Total Settlements		39	49	30	77
% from SHD01-4		73%	66%	62%	75%

*Port Island ground motion

Key Properties of Structural Models (in prototype scale)

Building	Structure Pressure (kPa)	B=W (m)	Z_liq (m)
A	76	6	3
B	76	12	3
C	120	6	3

Movement of structures A, B, and C and their surrounding soil layers along the plane adjacent to the foundation edge (all measurements are in prototype scale)

Surface Horizontal Peak Acceleration compared to base (input) Horizontal Peak Acceleration obtained from SHD02